Heat Therapy Around the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Saunas and Steam Baths

From indigenous sweat lodges to the serene surroundings of a Japanese onsen, the global tradition of artificially induced heat is as diverse as it is ancient. Saunas and steam baths have long been celebrated for their therapeutic benefits, promoting relaxation, detoxification, and overall well-being. For newcomers to the world of thermotherapy, understanding the various types of saunas and the etiquette associated with them can be overwhelming. This guide will explore six popular sauna styles found in Oregon and Washington, along with crucial dos and don’ts to enhance your experience.

Understanding Sauna Styles

Whether you’re seeking a traditional Finnish sauna or a modern infrared option, each type of sauna offers a unique experience. Here’s a closer look at the main styles you’ll encounter:

Electric Sauna

Originating in early-twentieth-century Finland, the electric sauna is now one of the most common types found in the United States. Using an electric heater to warm stones, this sauna type creates both radiant and convective heat.

Temperature: 150–190 degrees Fahrenheit.

Pros: Electric saunas are easy to maintain, cost-effective, and accessible, eliminating the need for a chimney installation.

Cons: Some sauna enthusiasts may miss the higher temperatures and the aromatic wood-burning scent that comes with traditional saunas.

Try it out: Visit Löyly or Everett House for a great electric sauna experience.

Wood-Burning Sauna

The wood-burning sauna represents a more traditional approach, featuring a small hearth beneath the stones that generates intense radiant heat. Modern versions often include chimneys to vent smoke, retaining the sauna’s cozy atmosphere.

Temperature: 170–210 degrees Fahrenheit.

Pros: The ambiance of a flickering fire creates an unmatched coziness, often making it a favorite among sauna-goers.

Cons: Temperature control can be tricky, and maintaining the fire requires some effort. Things can heat up quickly, so be prepared for intense warmth.

Try it out: Check out Connect Wellness or Gather Sauna House in Central Oregon.

Infrared Sauna

Infrared saunas have gained popularity in health spas and upscale gyms, utilizing infrared light to directly warm the body without the need for high temperatures.

Temperature: Typically between 120–140 degrees Fahrenheit.

Pros: These saunas allow for longer sessions at lower temperatures, making them ideal for those new to sauna therapy.

Cons: For those who enjoy intense heat, the lower temperatures may not provide the same experience.

Try it out: Pure Sweat Sauna Studio and Root Whole Body offer excellent infrared sauna options.

Wet Sauna/Steam Baths

Wet saunas, often referred to as Turkish baths or shvitzes, create a steamy atmosphere by filling the room with steam from boiling water.

Temperature: 100–120 degrees Fahrenheit.

Pros: The high humidity can be beneficial for dry skin, and the lower temperatures can be more manageable for some. You may not notice the sweat as much due to the condensation.

Cons: The heavy moisture can make breathing a bit challenging, especially for beginners.

Try it out: Knot Springs and Everett House are excellent venues for wet sauna experiences.

Mobile Sauna

Mobile saunas are unique in their flexibility, often found in converted trailers or campers. They can be located next to breweries or alongside mountain creeks for a refreshing plunge after a hot session.

Temperature: Varies dramatically based on the heat source.

Pros: The opportunity for a cold swim after sweating is a refreshing bonus.

Cons: Mobile saunas are often seasonal or event-based, making them somewhat elusive.

Try it out: Look for options like Connect Wellness, Mobile Sauna PDX, Gather Sauna House in Central Oregon, and Wandering Saunas in Cornelius.

Floating Sauna

A handful of floating saunas perched over water have emerged in the Pacific Northwest, reminiscent of ancient practices where people would break ice for a post-sweat dip.

Temperature: Expect between 150 and 195 degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the heat source.

Pros: The convenience of a cold plunge right at your fingertips is an enticing feature.

Cons: Floating saunas may lack the amenities of larger spas, so be prepared to bring your own towels and shower at home.

Try it out: Visit Von Sauna in Seattle or Tofino Resort in Tofino, BC for a floating sauna experience.

Sauna Etiquette: Essential Dos and Don’ts

To ensure a pleasant experience for yourself and others in the sauna, adhering to certain etiquette guidelines is crucial. Here are some essential dos and don’ts:

Don’t: Get Handsy

While nudity or minimal clothing is common in many saunas, public displays of affection (PDA) are generally frowned upon. In traditional saunas, any form of touching can lead to expulsion from the facility. However, if you’re at a gay bathhouse like Steam Portland or Hawks, feel free to express yourself more freely.

Don’t: Overdo It

It’s tempting to push your limits, especially after reading about the supposed benefits of extreme heat. However, overextending yourself can lead to dizziness or nausea. Always listen to your body and take breaks as needed. Hydration is key.

Do: Put a Towel Down

Bringing your own towel is essential, especially in saunas that do not provide them. Use one towel to dry off and another to sit on while on the bench to maintain hygiene. As Halina Kowalski-Thompson, co-owner of Gather Sauna House, suggests: “It’s already a sweaty endeavor; no one wants to think they’re sitting in your sweat.”

Do: Ask Before You Ladle

Pouring water over the sauna rocks to create steam, known as löyly in Finnish, is a cherished ritual. However, it’s courteous to ask others in the sauna before adding water, as individual humidity tolerances vary. Typically, three to four ladles of water are sufficient.

Conclusion

Exploring the world of saunas and steam baths offers a unique opportunity to engage in a time-honored tradition that promotes relaxation and wellness. Each sauna style presents its own set of benefits and experiences, catering to a wide range of preferences. By understanding the different types of saunas available and adhering to proper etiquette, you can truly enjoy the restorative benefits of heat therapy. Whether you choose a traditional wood-burning sauna, a contemporary infrared option, or a unique floating sauna, the key is to embrace the experience and allow the warmth to rejuvenate your body and mind.